Matthew 26 · WEB
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Matthew 26

The plot to kill Jesus

When Jesus had finished all these words, he said to his disciples, “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.”

Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders of the people were gathered together in the court of the high priest, who was called Caiaphas. They took counsel together that they might take Jesus by deceit and kill him. But they said, “Not during the feast, lest a riot occur among the people.”

After finishing his teaching, Jesus tells his disciples that the Passover is two days away and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified. Meanwhile the chief priests and elders meet at the residence of the high priest Caiaphas and plot to arrest Jesus by stealth, but not during the festival, for fear of a riot.

Historical context

Passover commemorated Israel's liberation from Egypt (Exodus 12) and was celebrated with a meal of lamb, unleavened bread and wine, followed by the week-long Feast of Unleavened Bread. Caiaphas was high priest from about AD 18 to 36, an unusually long tenure suggesting he worked well with the Romans. An ossuary (bone box) inscribed with the name Caiaphas, found in Jerusalem in 1990, may belong to his family.

Why does it matter?

'When Jesus had finished all these sayings' closes the fifth and last discourse; the word 'all' marks the end of his teaching. Jesus foretells his death even as the authorities plan it.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The anointing at Bethany

Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came to him having an alabaster jar of very expensive ointment, and she poured it on his head as he sat at the table. But when his disciples saw this, they were indignant, saying, “Why this waste? For this ointment might have been sold for much and given to the poor.”

However, knowing this, Jesus said to them, “Why do you trouble the woman? She has done a good work for me. For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me. For in pouring this ointment on my body, she did it to prepare me for burial. Most certainly I tell you, wherever this Good News is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of as a memorial of her.”

At Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman pours a jar of expensive perfumed oil over Jesus' head. The disciples complain at the waste, since it could have been sold and the money given to the poor. Jesus defends her: she has done a good thing, preparing his body for burial, and her act will be told wherever the good news is preached.

What does this mean?

'Alabaster box' (KJV) or 'jar' (WEB) was a sealed flask of soft stone for perfume. 'Ointment' was perfumed oil.

Historical context

Anointing the head was a mark of honour for guests and also how kings were anointed; bodies were anointed with oils and spices before burial. Simon 'the leper' was presumably healed, or the name recalled a former illness.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' words about the poor allude to Deuteronomy 15:11, which goes on to command generosity to them. The unnamed woman's insight contrasts with the disciples' objection and, in the next verses, with Judas's betrayal.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Matthew, like Mark, sets the scene in Simon the leper's house with the oil poured on Jesus' head. Matthew says 'the disciples' objected, where Mark says 'some' and John names Judas. Matthew omits Mark's price of three hundred denarii. John sets it six days before Passover, at a dinner where Lazarus is present, with Mary anointing Jesus' feet.

Judas agrees to betray Jesus

Then one of the twelve, who was called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests and said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver him to you?” So they weighed out for him thirty pieces of silver. From that time he sought opportunity to betray him.

Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve, goes to the chief priests and asks what they will give him to hand Jesus over. They pay him thirty pieces of silver, and from then on he looks for an opportunity.

What does this mean?

'Covenanted with him' (KJV) means agreed a price; the WEB has 'weighed out'.

Historical context

Thirty shekels of silver was the compensation the Law set for a slave gored by an ox (Exodus 21:32), so the sum may suggest how cheaply Jesus was valued. Only Matthew names the amount, which returns in 27:3–10.

Why does it matter?

No Gospel fully explains Judas's motive. Matthew's placing sets his bargain against the woman's extravagant gift; John (12:6) calls Judas a thief, and Luke and John speak of Satan entering him. Other proposed motives, such as disappointment with Jesus' path, are speculation.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Passover and the betrayer

Now on the first day of unleavened bread, the disciples came to Jesus, saying to him, “Where do you want us to prepare for you to eat the Passover?”

He said, “Go into the city to a certain person, and tell him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.”’”

The disciples did as Jesus commanded them, and they prepared the Passover.

Now when evening had come, he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples. As they were eating, he said, “Most certainly I tell you that one of you will betray me.”

They were exceedingly sorrowful, and each began to ask him, “It isn’t me, is it, Lord?”

He answered, “He who dipped his hand with me in the dish will betray me. The Son of Man goes even as it is written of him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born.”

Judas, who betrayed him, answered, “It isn’t me, is it, Rabbi?” He said to him, “You said it.”

On the first day of Unleavened Bread, Jesus sends his disciples to prepare the Passover at a certain man's house in Jerusalem. During the meal he announces that one of them will betray him. Grieved, they ask one by one if it is them. Jesus speaks of the one who dipped his hand with him in the dish, and when Judas asks, he answers, 'You said it.'

What does this mean?

'Thou hast said' (KJV) is an affirmative but indirect answer, used again before the high priest (26:64).

Historical context

The Passover meal was eaten in Jerusalem after sunset, with diners reclining and dipping bread in shared dishes. Matthew, Mark and Luke present the Last Supper as a Passover meal, while John's Gospel places the crucifixion on the day before Passover; scholars still debate how to reconcile the chronologies.

Why does it matter?

The other disciples address Jesus as 'Lord'; Judas calls him 'Rabbi', a title Jesus told his followers not to use of anyone but their one teacher (23:8). Betrayal by someone who shares one's bread recalls Psalm 41:9.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The Last Supper

As they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks for it, and broke it. He gave to the disciples and said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, “All of you drink it, for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the remission of sins. But I tell you that I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on, until that day when I drink it anew with you in my Father’s Kingdom.”

During the meal Jesus takes bread, blesses and breaks it, and gives it to the disciples as his body. He then gives them a cup, calling it his blood of the covenant, poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins, and says he will not drink wine again until he drinks it new in his Father's kingdom.

What does this mean?

'Testament' (KJV) means covenant (WEB), a binding agreement between God and his people. 'Blood of the covenant' echoes Exodus 24:8, where Moses seals the covenant at Sinai with sacrificial blood. 'Remission' (KJV) means forgiveness.

Historical context

A Passover meal included blessings over bread and several cups of wine, and a retelling of the exodus.

Why does it matter?

This meal is the origin of the Christian Lord's Supper, also called the Eucharist, Mass or Communion. Christian traditions differ deeply on what 'this is my body' means: a real change in the bread and wine, a real spiritual presence, or a memorial sign.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Only Matthew has 'Drink of it, all of you' and the words 'for the forgiveness of sins'. Luke includes a cup before the bread and the command 'do this in remembrance of me', and speaks of the kingdom of God where Matthew has 'my Father's kingdom'. Otherwise Matthew's wording is very close to Mark's.

Peter's denial foretold

When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will be made to stumble because of me tonight, for it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’ But after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee.”

But Peter answered him, “Even if all will be made to stumble because of you, I will never be made to stumble.”

Jesus said to him, “Most certainly I tell you that tonight, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.”

Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you.” All of the disciples also said likewise.

After singing a hymn, Jesus and the disciples go out to the Mount of Olives. He tells them they will all desert him that night, but after he is raised he will go ahead of them to Galilee. Peter insists he will never fall away; Jesus says that before the rooster crows Peter will deny him three times. Peter and all the others protest that they would rather die.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 26:31 quotes Zechariah 13:7

    “Awake, sword, against my shepherd, and against the man who is close to me,” says the LORD of Armies. “Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered; and I will turn my hand against the little ones.
    Zechariah 13:7 · WEB

    Jesus applies Zechariah's struck shepherd to his arrest and the flight of his disciples.

What does this mean?

'Be offended because of me' (KJV) means desert me or lose faith in me. 'Cock' (KJV) means rooster.

Historical context

The Passover meal traditionally ended with the second part of the Hallel, roughly Psalms 115–118 (the whole Hallel is Psalms 113–118); this was probably the 'hymn'.

Why does it matter?

The promise to meet in Galilee is repeated at the empty tomb (28:7, 10) and fulfilled in 28:16.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Prayer in Gethsemane

Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and said to his disciples, “Sit here, while I go there and pray.” He took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and severely troubled. Then Jesus said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with me.”

He went forward a little, fell on his face, and prayed, saying, “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass away from me; nevertheless, not what I desire, but what you desire.”

He came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “What, couldn’t you watch with me for one hour? Watch and pray, that you don’t enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

Again, a second time he went away and prayed, saying, “My Father, if this cup can’t pass away from me unless I drink it, your desire be done.”

He came again and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. He left them again, went away, and prayed a third time, saying the same words. Then he came to his disciples and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Arise, let’s be going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand.”

At Gethsemane, Jesus takes Peter, James and John further with him and tells them his soul is sorrowful to the point of death. He falls on his face and prays three times that, if possible, the cup might pass from him, yet that his Father's will be done. Each time he finds the disciples asleep. Finally he wakes them: the hour has come, and the betrayer is here.

What does this mean?

'Gethsemane' means 'oil press', suggesting an olive grove. The 'cup' is the suffering ahead (compare 20:22). 'The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak' contrasts good intentions with human frailty.

Historical context

Gethsemane lay on the lower slope of the Mount of Olives, across the Kidron Valley from the temple. The traditional site still has ancient olive trees.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' warning to 'watch and pray' that they enter not into temptation recalls the Lord's Prayer (6:13), as does his surrender to the Father's will.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

As in Mark, Jesus prays three times and finds the disciples asleep each time, but only Matthew gives the words of the second prayer, echoing the Lord's Prayer ('thy will be done'). Luke has one prayer, an angel strengthening Jesus and sweat like drops of blood (absent from some early manuscripts), and says the disciples slept from sorrow.

The arrest of Jesus

While he was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priests and elders of the people. Now he who betrayed him had given them a sign, saying, “Whoever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him.” Immediately he came to Jesus, and said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” and kissed him.

Jesus said to him, “Friend, why are you here?” Then they came and laid hands on Jesus, and took him.

Behold, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.

Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place, for all those who take the sword will die by the sword. Or do you think that I couldn’t ask my Father, and he would even now send me more than twelve legions of angels? How then would the Scriptures be fulfilled that it must be so?”

In that hour Jesus said to the multitudes, “Have you come out as against a robber with swords and clubs to seize me? I sat daily in the temple teaching, and you didn’t arrest me. But all this has happened that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.

Judas arrives with a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests and elders, and identifies Jesus with a kiss. When one of Jesus' companions cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Jesus tells him to put away his sword: he could call on more than twelve legions of angels, but the scriptures must be fulfilled. All the disciples desert him and flee.

What does this mean?

'Hail, master' (KJV) or 'Greetings, Rabbi' (WEB): a kiss was a normal greeting from a disciple to a teacher, which made it an effective signal. 'Staves' (KJV) are clubs. A Roman legion had roughly five thousand soldiers.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' rejection of the sword fits his teaching on non-retaliation (5:38–44). His words about the scriptures present him as going to his death knowingly, not as a helpless victim. The flight of the disciples fulfils his prediction (26:31).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in all four Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Only Matthew has Jesus address Judas as 'Friend', rebuke the swordsman with 'all who take the sword will die by the sword', and mention twelve legions of angels. Mark adds a young man who flees naked; Luke has Jesus heal the servant's ear; John names Peter and the servant, Malchus, and has the arresting party fall back.

Before the high priest

Those who had taken Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were gathered together. But Peter followed him from a distance to the court of the high priest, and entered in and sat with the officers, to see the end.

Now the chief priests, the elders, and the whole council sought false testimony against Jesus, that they might put him to death, and they found none. Even though many false witnesses came forward, they found none. But at last two false witnesses came forward and said, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.’”

The high priest stood up and said to him, “Have you no answer? What is this that these testify against you?” But Jesus stayed silent. The high priest answered him, “I adjure you by the living God that you tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God.”

Jesus said to him, “You have said so. Nevertheless, I tell you, after this you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of the sky.”

Then the high priest tore his clothing, saying, “He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we need any more witnesses? Behold, now you have heard his blasphemy. What do you think?” They answered, “He is worthy of death!”

Then they spat in his face and beat him with their fists, and some slapped him, saying, “Prophesy to us, you Christ! Who hit you?”

Jesus is taken to Caiaphas, where the council has gathered; Peter follows at a distance. The council seeks false testimony, and at last two witnesses say Jesus claimed he could destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days. Jesus is silent until the high priest puts him under oath to say whether he is the Messiah, the Son of God. At his reply, the high priest tears his clothes and the council declares him deserving of death; they spit on him and beat him.

  • Scripture connection · Allusion

    Matthew 26:64 echoes Daniel 7:13 · Psalm 110:1

    “I saw in the night visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of the sky one like a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him.
    Daniel 7:13 · WEB
    The LORD says to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool for your feet.”
    Psalm 110:1 · WEB

    Before the high priest, Jesus combines Daniel's 'Son of man' coming with the clouds and the Psalm's figure seated at God's right hand.

What does this mean?

The 'council' is the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish court in Jerusalem, presided over by the high priest. Tearing one's clothes was a traditional sign of grief or horror; later rabbinic rules required it of judges who heard blasphemy.

Historical context

Historians debate the nature and legality of this night hearing. Rules in the Mishnah (around AD 200) forbid capital trials at night or on festivals, but it is uncertain whether they applied in Jesus' day. Under Roman rule the council probably could not carry out a death sentence itself, which is why Jesus is taken to Pilate.

Why does it matter?

The mocking demand to 'prophesy' is ironic: at that moment Jesus' prophecy about Peter is coming true in the courtyard.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Peter denies Jesus

Now Peter was sitting outside in the court, and a maid came to him, saying, “You were also with Jesus, the Galilean!”

But he denied it before them all, saying, “I don’t know what you are talking about.”

When he had gone out onto the porch, someone else saw him and said to those who were there, “This man also was with Jesus of Nazareth.”

Again he denied it with an oath, “I don’t know the man.”

After a little while those who stood by came and said to Peter, “Surely you are also one of them, for your speech makes you known.”

Then he began to curse and to swear, “I don’t know the man!” Immediately the rooster crowed.

Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said to him, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” Then he went out and wept bitterly.

In the courtyard, a servant girl says Peter was with Jesus the Galilean; he denies it. Another girl repeats the charge and he denies it with an oath. Bystanders say his accent gives him away; he curses and swears that he does not know the man. At once the rooster crows, Peter remembers Jesus' words, and he goes out and weeps bitterly.

What does this mean?

'Thy speech bewrayeth thee' (KJV) means your accent gives you away. 'To curse and to swear' means calling down curses, probably on himself, if he were lying.

Historical context

Galileans had a recognisable accent; later rabbinic sources poke fun at Galilean pronunciation.

Why does it matter?

Peter's swearing breaks Jesus' own teaching on oaths (5:33–37). His bitter weeping contrasts with Judas's despair in the next chapter.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in all four Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Matthew's denials escalate: a plain denial, then one 'with an oath', then cursing and swearing; only Matthew makes the second denial one 'with an oath'. In Mark the rooster crows twice, as Jesus had foretold there; in Luke the Lord turns and looks at Peter, and his denials are less vehement.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

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  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
  25. 25
  26. 26
  27. 27
  28. 28

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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