Matthew 10
The twelve apostles
He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother; Philip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
Jesus gives his twelve disciples authority to drive out unclean spirits and to heal every disease. Matthew lists their names in pairs, from Simon Peter to Judas Iscariot, 'who also betrayed him'.
What does this mean?
'Apostle' means 'one who is sent'. 'Simon the Canaanite' (KJV) does not mean he came from Canaan; it renders an Aramaic word for 'zealous', which the WEB translates 'the Zealot'. 'Iscariot' may mean 'man from Kerioth', a town in Judea, but its meaning is uncertain.
Historical context
Twelve recalls the twelve tribes of Israel and suggests the renewal of the whole people (compare 19:28). 'Zealot' could describe religious zeal or, a few decades later, membership of a revolutionary party opposed to Rome; which is meant here is debated.
Why does it matter?
The lists in Mark, Luke and Acts largely agree but differ in places: Matthew and Mark name Thaddaeus, while Luke and Acts have 'Judas son of James' (KJV 'the brother of James'). Only Matthew calls Peter 'first' and Matthew 'the tax collector'.
Editorial notes, not scripture.