Matthew 22 · WEB
Aa

Matthew 22

The wedding banquet

Jesus answered and spoke to them again in parables, saying, “The Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who made a wedding feast for his son, and sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the wedding feast, but they would not come. Again he sent out other servants, saying, ‘Tell those who are invited, “Behold, I have prepared my dinner. My cattle and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready. Come to the wedding feast!”’ But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his merchandise; and the rest grabbed his servants, treated them shamefully, and killed them. When the king heard that, he was angry, and sent his armies, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city.

“Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding is ready, but those who were invited weren’t worthy. Go therefore to the intersections of the highways, and as many as you may find, invite to the wedding feast.’ Those servants went out into the highways and gathered together as many as they found, both bad and good. The wedding was filled with guests.

“But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man who didn’t have on wedding clothing, and he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here not wearing wedding clothing?’ He was speechless. Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and throw him into the outer darkness. That is where the weeping and grinding of teeth will be.’ For many are called, but few chosen.”

Jesus compares the kingdom to a king's wedding feast for his son. The invited guests refuse to come, some even killing the king's servants; the king destroys them and their city, and sends his servants to invite everyone they can find, bad and good. One guest without wedding clothes is thrown out. Jesus concludes that many are called but few are chosen.

What does this mean?

The meaning of the wedding garment is debated; it is often taken to stand for a life that matches the invitation, such as righteousness or repentance. 'Called' means invited; 'chosen' means accepted in the end.

Historical context

Wealthy hosts sent an invitation in advance and a second summons when the feast was ready, so refusing at the last moment was a serious insult.

Why does it matter?

Many scholars think the king burning the city alludes to the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70, known to Matthew's first readers; others see a conventional image of royal punishment. Luke has a simpler banquet parable without the king, the violence or the wedding garment (Luke 14:15–24).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Paying tribute to Caesar

Then the Pharisees went and took counsel how they might entrap him in his talk. They sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and teach the way of God in truth, no matter whom you teach; for you aren’t partial to anyone. Tell us therefore, what do you think? Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?”

But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, “Why do you test me, you hypocrites? Show me the tax money.” They brought to him a denarius.

He asked them, “Whose is this image and inscription?”

They said to him, “Caesar’s.” Then he said to them, “Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”

When they heard it, they marveled, and left him and went away.

Pharisees, with supporters of Herod, try to trap Jesus by asking whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar. He asks for a coin and, pointing to the emperor's image and inscription on it, tells them to give Caesar what belongs to Caesar and God what belongs to God. Amazed, they leave him.

What does this mean?

'Tribute' (KJV) here is the Roman poll tax. A 'penny' (KJV) is a denarius, a Roman silver coin. The word 'image' may recall that humans bear God's image (Genesis 1:27), an echo many interpreters see.

Historical context

Judea had paid tax directly to Rome since AD 6, when a census provoked a revolt led by Judas the Galilean. Answering 'yes' would alienate many Jews; 'no' would sound like sedition. Herodians backed Herod's dynasty and cooperation with Rome. Denarii of the emperor Tiberius bore his head and called him son of the divine Augustus, which many Jews found offensive.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Matthew has the Pharisees send their own disciples along with the Herodians, and has Jesus call the questioners 'hypocrites' and ask for 'the tax money'. Luke describes them as spies meant to hand Jesus over to the governor. Otherwise the three accounts agree closely.

The Sadducees and the resurrection

On that day Sadducees (those who say that there is no resurrection) came to him. They asked him, saying, “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife and raise up offspring for his brother.’ Now there were with us seven brothers. The first married and died, and having no offspring left his wife to his brother. In the same way, the second also, and the third, to the seventh. After them all, the woman died. In the resurrection therefore, whose wife will she be of the seven? For they all had her.”

But Jesus answered them, “You are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God. For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like God’s angels in heaven. But concerning the resurrection of the dead, haven’t you read that which was spoken to you by God, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”

When the multitudes heard it, they were astonished at his teaching.

Sadducees, who deny the resurrection, pose a puzzle: a woman married in turn to seven brothers, each dying childless; whose wife will she be in the resurrection? Jesus says they know neither the scriptures nor the power of God: in the resurrection people do not marry, and God's words to Moses show that the patriarchs are alive to him.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 22:32 quotes Exodus 3:6

    Moreover he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face because he was afraid to look at God.
    Exodus 3:6 · WEB

    God's words to Moses at the burning bush. Jesus uses them to argue for the resurrection against the Sadducees.

Historical context

The Sadducees were a priestly, aristocratic group associated with the temple leadership. Josephus says they rejected traditions not found in the written Law and denied life after death. The puzzle relies on levirate marriage (Deuteronomy 25:5–10), in which a man married his dead brother's childless widow to continue his line.

Why does it matter?

Jesus argues from the books of Moses, which the Sadducees accepted. Belief in resurrection was held by the Pharisees and many ordinary Jews, drawing on texts such as Daniel 12:2. The crowds' astonishment echoes the reaction to the Sermon on the Mount (7:28).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The greatest commandment

But the Pharisees, when they heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, gathered themselves together. One of them, a lawyer, asked him a question, testing him. “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the law?”

Jesus said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the first and great commandment. A second likewise is this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments.”

Hearing that Jesus has silenced the Sadducees, the Pharisees gather, and one of them, an expert in the Law, tests him: which is the greatest commandment? Jesus answers: to love God with all one's heart, soul and mind, and, second, to love one's neighbour as oneself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 22:37 quotes Deuteronomy 6:5

    You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might.
    Deuteronomy 6:5 · WEB

    Part of the Shema, the central confession of Jewish faith, recited daily.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 22:39 quotes Leviticus 19:18

    “‘You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people; but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.
    Leviticus 19:18 · WEB

    Jesus pairs two commands from different books of the Law, a pairing also known in some Jewish teaching of the time.

What does this mean?

'Lawyer' (KJV and WEB) means an expert in the Jewish Law, not an advocate in the modern sense. 'Hang' means depend.

Historical context

Later rabbis counted 613 commandments in the Law, and Jewish teachers discussed which were 'heavy' and which 'light', and whether the whole could be summed up in one principle.

Why does it matter?

Love for God and neighbour gives the key to how Matthew's Jesus reads the Law, alongside the Golden Rule (7:12) and the priority of mercy (9:13; 12:7).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in two Gospels

How Matthew tells it

In Matthew the questioner is a Pharisee who comes to test Jesus. In Mark he is a scribe impressed by Jesus' answers, who agrees warmly and is told he is not far from the kingdom. Mark's version begins with 'Hear, O Israel' and adds 'strength'. Only Matthew says the whole Law and the Prophets hang on these two.

Whose son is the Messiah?

Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question, saying, “What do you think of the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “Of David.”

He said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord, saying, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, sit on my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet’?

“If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”

No one was able to answer him a word, neither did any man dare ask him any more questions from that day forward.

Jesus now questions the Pharisees: whose son is the Messiah? They say David's. He asks how, then, David can call him 'Lord' in a psalm. No one can answer, and from then on no one dares to question him.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 22:44 quotes Psalm 110:1

    The LORD says to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool for your feet.”
    Psalm 110:1 · WEB

    The Old Testament verse most often quoted or alluded to in the New Testament. Jesus asks how the Messiah can be David's son if David calls him 'Lord'.

Historical context

Psalm 110 is headed 'A Psalm of David' and was traditionally taken as David's words. It was widely accepted that the Messiah would be a descendant of David, and in ancient thought a father ranked above his son, which gives the puzzle its force.

Why does it matter?

Jesus does not deny that the Messiah is David's son (Matthew calls Jesus that in his first verse), but implies he is more than that. The exchange ends the series of temple debates with Jesus' opponents silenced.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
  25. 25
  26. 26
  27. 27
  28. 28

Back to the Gospels

Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

Appearance

Verse numbersSmall numerals within the text
About Matthew