Matthew 23
Warnings about the scribes and Pharisees
Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to his disciples, saying, “The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat. All things therefore whatever they tell you to observe, observe and do, but don’t do their works; for they say, and don’t do. For they bind heavy burdens that are grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not lift a finger to help them. But they do all their works to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad and enlarge the fringes of their garments, and love the place of honor at feasts, the best seats in the synagogues, the salutations in the marketplaces, and to be called ‘Rabbi, Rabbi’ by men. But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi’, for one is your teacher, the Christ, and all of you are brothers. Call no man on the earth your father, for one is your Father, he who is in heaven. Neither be called masters, for one is your master, the Christ. But he who is greatest among you will be your servant. Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
Jesus tells the crowds and his disciples to do what the scribes and Pharisees teach but not to follow their example, since they do not practise what they preach. They load burdens on others, act for show and love honours and titles. Jesus' followers should not seek titles such as 'Rabbi', 'father' or 'master'; the greatest among them must be a servant.
What does this mean?
'Moses' seat' means the position of authority to teach the Law. 'Phylacteries' are small leather boxes containing verses of scripture, worn on the arm and forehead at prayer (from Deuteronomy 6:8); 'borders' or 'fringes' are the tassels on garments. 'Rabbi' means 'my master' or 'my teacher'.
Historical context
Stone seats found in ancient synagogues, such as one at Chorazin, have been suggested as examples of a 'seat of Moses'.
Why does it matter?
Chapter 23 contains Jesus' harshest words in the Gospels. Many scholars think it also reflects bitter disputes between Matthew's community and synagogue leaders after AD 70, and historians caution that it is not a balanced portrait of the Pharisees, many of whom were devout and respected. These words have been misused to fuel prejudice against Jews.
Editorial notes, not scripture.