John 12
Mary anoints Jesus at Bethany
Then, six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him. Therefore Mary took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed Jesus’ feet and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.
Then Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said, “Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?” Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it.
But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial. For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.”
Six days before Passover, at a dinner in Bethany with Lazarus and Martha, Mary pours a pound of costly perfume on Jesus' feet and wipes them with her hair. Judas objects that it could have been sold for the poor. Jesus tells him to leave her alone, because she has kept it for the day of his burial.
What does this mean?
"Spikenard" (KJV) or "nard" (WEB) was an expensive perfumed oil made from a plant of the Himalayas. A Roman pound was about a third of a kilogram (twelve ounces). "Three hundred pence" (KJV) or "denarii" (WEB) was roughly a year's wages for a labourer. "The bag" (KJV) means the money box.
Historical context
Guests at a formal meal reclined on couches with their feet away from the table, which is how Mary could reach his feet. Many historians note that a respectable woman letting down her hair before male guests would have been striking.
Why does it matter?
Verse 7 links the anointing with Jesus' coming burial, and the Gospel later shows his body anointed with a great quantity of spices (19:39). The contrast between Mary's lavish devotion and Judas' greed sets up the betrayal. Luke 7 tells a similar story of a woman anointing Jesus' feet in Galilee; scholars debate how the accounts relate.
Editorial notes, not scripture.
Told in three Gospels
Matthew 26:6–13
The anointing at Bethany
How Matthew tells it
Matthew, like Mark, sets the scene in Simon the leper's house with the oil poured on Jesus' head. Matthew says 'the disciples' objected, where Mark says 'some' and John names Judas. Matthew omits Mark's price of three hundred denarii. John sets it six days before Passover, at a dinner where Lazarus is present, with Mary anointing Jesus' feet.
Continue reading in Matthew →Mark 14:3–9
A woman anoints Jesus at Bethany
How Mark tells it
Mark's woman breaks the jar of pure nard, worth over three hundred denarii (as in John). The objectors are simply 'some' — the disciples in Matthew, Judas in John. Only Mark has Jesus say 'she hath done what she could' and that they can help the poor whenever they wish. In John, Mary anoints Jesus' feet.
Continue reading in Mark →How John tells it
Matthew and Mark set this in the house of Simon the leper, where an unnamed woman pours ointment on Jesus' head. John names her as Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus, has her anoint his feet and wipe them with her hair, and attributes the objection to Judas, whom he calls a thief. John dates it six days before Passover.