John 6 · WEB
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John 6

Feeding five thousand

After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. A great multitude followed him, because they saw his signs which he did on those who were sick. Jesus went up into the mountain, and he sat there with his disciples. Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. Jesus therefore, lifting up his eyes and seeing that a great multitude was coming to him, said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, that these may eat?” He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do.

Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may receive a little.”

One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to him, “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are these among so many?”

Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in that place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand. Jesus took the loaves, and having given thanks, he distributed to the disciples, and the disciples to those who were sitting down, likewise also of the fish as much as they desired. When they were filled, he said to his disciples, “Gather up the broken pieces which are left over, that nothing be lost.” So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with broken pieces from the five barley loaves, which were left over by those who had eaten. When therefore the people saw the sign which Jesus did, they said, “This is truly the prophet who comes into the world.” Jesus therefore, perceiving that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, withdrew again to the mountain by himself.

Near the Sea of Galilee, with Passover approaching, a large crowd follows Jesus. With five barley loaves and two fish from a boy, Jesus feeds about five thousand men, and twelve baskets of leftovers are collected. The crowd hails him as "the prophet" and Jesus withdraws when he sees they mean to make him king by force.

What does this mean?

"Pennyworth" (KJV) and "denarii" (WEB) refer to the denarius, a Roman silver coin roughly equal to a labourer's day's wage, so two hundred was a large sum. "Sea of Tiberias" is another name for the Sea of Galilee.

Historical context

Barley bread was the cheaper bread of the poor. Herod Antipas founded the city of Tiberias on the lake around AD 20, naming it after the emperor Tiberius. Popular expectation of a Messiah was often political: a king who would free Israel from Roman rule.

Why does it matter?

The feeding is the only miracle of Jesus' ministry recorded in all four Gospels. In John it sets up a long discourse on Jesus as "the bread of life". Many readers also note the echo of Moses and the manna that fed Israel in the wilderness, which the crowd itself raises in verse 31.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in all four Gospels

How John tells it

Only John says the loaves were barley and came from a boy, and names Philip and Andrew in the exchange. Here Jesus raises the problem himself rather than the disciples. John notes that Passover was near, and alone reports that the crowd hailed Jesus as "the prophet" and wanted to make him king by force, so he withdrew.

Jesus walks on the water

When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea. They entered into the boat, and were going over the sea to Capernaum. It was now dark, and Jesus had not come to them. The sea was tossed by a great wind blowing. When therefore they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty stadia, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near to the boat; and they were afraid. But he said to them, “It is I. Don’t be afraid.” They were willing therefore to receive him into the boat. Immediately the boat was at the land where they were going.

That evening the disciples set out by boat across the lake toward Capernaum without Jesus, and a strong wind stirs the sea. After rowing some distance they see Jesus walking on the water toward them and are afraid, but he tells them not to fear. They take him into the boat, and at once it reaches the shore.

What does this mean?

Twenty-five or thirty "stadia" (KJV "furlongs") is about five kilometres (three miles). Jesus' words "It is I" are in Greek simply "I am", the same phrase behind his "I am" sayings elsewhere in John.

Historical context

The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake about 21 km (13 miles) long, surrounded by hills, and sudden strong winds are a known hazard. In the Old Testament God alone is described as treading on the sea and ruling the waters, for example in Job 9:8 and Psalm 77:19.

Why does it matter?

Many interpreters read "I am" here as more than self-identification, linking it to God's self-description and to Jesus' later "I am" statements. The episode sits between the feeding and the discourse it prompts.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How John tells it

John's account is the briefest. There is no Peter walking on the water, as in Matthew, no mention of Jesus intending to pass by, as in Mark, and no explicit calming of the wind. John gives the distance the disciples had rowed and ends with the boat immediately reaching land.

The bread of life

On the next day, the multitude that stood on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except the one in which his disciples had embarked, and that Jesus hadn’t entered with his disciples into the boat, but his disciples had gone away alone. However, boats from Tiberias came near to the place where they ate the bread after the Lord had given thanks. When the multitude therefore saw that Jesus wasn’t there, nor his disciples, they themselves got into the boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. When they found him on the other side of the sea, they asked him, “Rabbi, when did you come here?”

Jesus answered them, “Most certainly I tell you, you seek me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled. Don’t work for the food which perishes, but for the food which remains to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give to you. For God the Father has sealed him.”

They said therefore to him, “What must we do, that we may work the works of God?”

Jesus answered them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in him whom he has sent.”

They said therefore to him, “What then do you do for a sign, that we may see and believe you? What work do you do? Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness. As it is written, ‘He gave them bread out of heaven to eat.’”

Jesus therefore said to them, “Most certainly, I tell you, it wasn’t Moses who gave you the bread out of heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread out of heaven. For the bread of God is that which comes down out of heaven and gives life to the world.”

They said therefore to him, “Lord, always give us this bread.”

Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will not be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. But I told you that you have seen me, and yet you don’t believe. All those whom the Father gives me will come to me. He who comes to me I will in no way throw out. For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me. This is the will of my Father who sent me, that of all he has given to me I should lose nothing, but should raise him up at the last day. This is the will of the one who sent me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in him should have eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.”

The crowd tracks Jesus down in Capernaum. He tells them they are seeking him for the food, not the sign, and urges them to work for food that lasts. When they ask for a sign like the manna Moses gave, Jesus declares, "I am the bread of life," and says whoever comes to him will never hunger.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    John 6:31 quotes Exodus 16:4 · Psalm 78:24

    Then the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain bread from the sky for you, and the people shall go out and gather a day’s portion every day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in my law or not.
    Exodus 16:4 · WEB
    He rained down manna on them to eat, and gave them food from the sky.
    Psalm 78:24 · WEB

    The crowd recalls the manna in the wilderness; Jesus answers that he himself is the bread from heaven.

What does this mean?

Manna was the food Israel ate in the wilderness after leaving Egypt (Exodus 16). "Sealed" means marked with approval, as with a seal. "The last day" means the final day of judgment and resurrection.

Historical context

Some Jewish writings from around this period express the hope that manna would fall again when the Messiah came, so the crowd's request is not random. Bread was the staple food, and "bread" could stand for food in general.

Why does it matter?

This is the first of seven "I am" sayings in John that use an image: bread, light, door, good shepherd, resurrection and life, the way, and the vine. The pattern of misunderstanding, as people hear physical food when Jesus means life from God, is typical of the Gospel.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Eating the flesh of the Son of Man

The Jews therefore murmured concerning him, because he said, “I am the bread which came down out of heaven.” They said, “Isn’t this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does he say, ‘I have come down out of heaven’?”

Therefore Jesus answered them, “Don’t murmur among yourselves. No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up in the last day. It is written in the prophets, ‘They will all be taught by God.’ Therefore everyone who hears from the Father and has learned, comes to me. Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God. He has seen the Father. Most certainly, I tell you, he who believes in me has eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness and they died. This is the bread which comes down out of heaven, that anyone may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread which came down out of heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. Yes, the bread which I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.”

The Jews therefore contended with one another, saying, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”

Jesus therefore said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you don’t have life in yourselves. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood lives in me, and I in him. As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on me will also live because of me. This is the bread which came down out of heaven—not as our fathers ate the manna and died. He who eats this bread will live forever.” He said these things in the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum.

The listeners grumble that Jesus, whose parents they know, claims to have come down from heaven. Jesus presses further: the bread he will give is his flesh, and whoever eats his flesh and drinks his blood has eternal life. John notes this teaching took place in the synagogue at Capernaum.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    John 6:45 quotes Isaiah 54:13

    All your children will be taught by the LORD, and your children’s peace will be great.
    Isaiah 54:13 · WEB

    Isaiah promised that God's restored people would all be taught by God.

What does this mean?

"Murmured" means grumbled or complained, the same word used of Israel grumbling in the wilderness. "Strove" (KJV) or "contended" (WEB) means argued sharply. "Indeed" means truly or real.

Historical context

The idea of eating someone's flesh and, especially, drinking blood would have shocked Jewish hearers, since the law forbade consuming blood (Leviticus 17). The remains of a later synagogue stand at Capernaum, built over what many archaeologists think are the foundations of an earlier one.

Why does it matter?

John does not record Jesus giving bread and wine at the Last Supper, as the other Gospels do. Many Christians, from early centuries onward, have read this passage as referring to the Lord's Supper (Communion or the Eucharist), though traditions differ on how. Others read it primarily as a vivid picture of believing in Jesus and sharing his life.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Many turn away; Peter stays

Therefore many of his disciples, when they heard this, said, “This is a hard saying! Who can listen to it?”

But Jesus knowing in himself that his disciples murmured at this, said to them, “Does this cause you to stumble? Then what if you would see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? It is the spirit who gives life. The flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and are life. But there are some of you who don’t believe.” For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were who didn’t believe, and who it was who would betray him. He said, “For this cause I have said to you that no one can come to me, unless it is given to him by my Father.”

At this, many of his disciples went back and walked no more with him. Jesus said therefore to the twelve, “You don’t also want to go away, do you?”

Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom would we go? You have the words of eternal life. We have come to believe and know that you are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

Jesus answered them, “Didn’t I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?” Now he spoke of Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot, for it was he who would betray him, being one of the twelve.

Many of Jesus' disciples find his teaching too hard and stop following him. When Jesus asks the Twelve whether they also want to leave, Peter answers that there is nowhere else to go, since Jesus has the words of eternal life. Jesus replies that one of the Twelve is a devil, meaning Judas.

What does this mean?

"Offend" (KJV) means to cause to stumble, to trip someone up in their faith. "The flesh profiteth nothing" contrasts merely human, physical understanding with the life-giving Spirit. "The Twelve" is the inner circle of disciples.

Historical context

"Disciples" here is broader than the Twelve; it includes a wider group of followers, many of whom now leave. Judas' surname Iscariot is often explained as "man of Kerioth", a town, though other explanations have been proposed.

Why does it matter?

Peter's confession is often compared with the scene in the other Gospels where Peter declares Jesus the Christ. John repeatedly notes ahead of time that Jesus knew who would betray him, a theme that returns at the Last Supper in chapter 13.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

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  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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