John 15
The vine and the branches
“I am the true vine, and my Father is the farmer. Every branch in me that doesn’t bear fruit, he takes away. Every branch that bears fruit, he prunes, that it may bear more fruit. You are already pruned clean because of the word which I have spoken to you. Remain in me, and I in you. As the branch can’t bear fruit by itself unless it remains in the vine, so neither can you, unless you remain in me. I am the vine. You are the branches. He who remains in me and I in him bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing. If a man doesn’t remain in me, he is thrown out as a branch and is withered; and they gather them, throw them into the fire, and they are burned. If you remain in me, and my words remain in you, you will ask whatever you desire, and it will be done for you.
“In this my Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit; and so you will be my disciples. Even as the Father has loved me, I also have loved you. Remain in my love. If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, even as I have kept my Father’s commandments and remain in his love. I have spoken these things to you, that my joy may remain in you, and that your joy may be made full.
Jesus says, "I am the true vine, and my Father is the farmer": fruitful branches are pruned to bear more, and fruitless ones are cut off and burned. The disciples are to remain in him as branches remain in the vine, because apart from him they can do nothing. Remaining in his love means keeping his commandments.
What does this mean?
"Husbandman" (KJV) means farmer or vine-grower. "Purgeth" (KJV) or "prunes" (WEB) translates a Greek word that also means "cleanses", which links to "clean" in verse 3. "Abide" (KJV) or "remain" (WEB) is the key word of the passage.
Historical context
Vineyards were everywhere in the land of Israel, and pruning was essential to a good harvest. In the Old Testament Israel is often pictured as God's vine or vineyard, sometimes one that bears bad fruit, as in Isaiah 5 and Psalm 80. Calling himself the "true" vine may contrast Jesus with that image.
Why does it matter?
This is the last of the seven "I am" sayings with an image. "Fruit" is not defined here, but the surrounding verses connect it with love, obedience and joy. The language of mutual indwelling (he in them, they in him) is characteristic of John.
Editorial notes, not scripture.