John 3 · WEB
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John 3

Jesus and Nicodemus

Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. He came to Jesus by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do, unless God is with him.”

Jesus answered him, “Most certainly I tell you, unless one is born anew, he can’t see God’s Kingdom.”

Nicodemus said to him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?”

Jesus answered, “Most certainly I tell you, unless one is born of water and Spirit, he can’t enter into God’s Kingdom. That which is born of the flesh is flesh. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Don’t marvel that I said to you, ‘You must all be born anew.’ The wind blows where it wants to, and you hear its sound, but don’t know where it comes from and where it is going. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”

Nicodemus answered him, “How can these things be?”

Jesus answered him, “Are you the teacher of Israel, and don’t understand these things? Most certainly I tell you, we speak that which we know and testify of that which we have seen, and you don’t receive our witness. If I told you earthly things and you don’t believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended into heaven but he who descended out of heaven, the Son of Man, who is in heaven. As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only born Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. For God didn’t send his Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world should be saved through him. He who believes in him is not judged. He who doesn’t believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the only born Son of God. This is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their works were evil. For everyone who does evil hates the light and doesn’t come to the light, lest his works would be exposed. But he who does the truth comes to the light, that his works may be revealed, that they have been done in God.”

Nicodemus, a Pharisee and leader, visits Jesus at night. Jesus tells him no one can see God's kingdom without being "born again" or "from above". Nicodemus is baffled, and Jesus speaks of the Spirit, of the Son of Man being "lifted up", and of God's love for the world.

  • Scripture connection · Reference

    John 3:14 refers to Numbers 21:9

    Moses made a serpent of bronze, and set it on the pole. If a serpent had bitten any man, when he looked at the serpent of bronze, he lived.
    Numbers 21:9 · WEB

    In Numbers, Israelites bitten by snakes were healed by looking at a bronze serpent raised on a pole. Jesus uses it as a picture of his being 'lifted up'.

What does this mean?

The Greek word behind "again" (KJV) or "anew" (WEB) also means "from above"; Nicodemus hears only the first sense. The same Greek word means both "wind" and "spirit", which verse 8 plays on. "Kingdom of God" means God's rule. "Lifted up" can mean both raised on a cross and exalted.

Historical context

A "ruler of the Jews" probably means a member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council in Jerusalem. Coming "by night" may have been for privacy, but darkness is also a symbol in this Gospel. Ancient Greek manuscripts had no quotation marks, so interpreters differ over whether verses 16 to 21 are Jesus' words or the narrator's reflection.

Why does it matter?

Verse 16 became one of the best-known verses in the Bible. Nicodemus reappears twice: defending Jesus' right to a hearing (7:50) and helping to bury him (19:39). Light and darkness, from the prologue, return as images of judgment.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The Baptist points away from himself

After these things, Jesus came with his disciples into the land of Judea. He stayed there with them and baptized. John also was baptizing in Enon near Salim, because there was much water there. They came and were baptized; for John was not yet thrown into prison. Therefore a dispute arose on the part of John’s disciples with some Jews about purification. They came to John and said to him, “Rabbi, he who was with you beyond the Jordan, to whom you have testified, behold, he baptizes, and everyone is coming to him.”

John answered, “A man can receive nothing unless it has been given him from heaven. You yourselves testify that I said, ‘I am not the Christ,’ but, ‘I have been sent before him.’ He who has the bride is the bridegroom; but the friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly because of the bridegroom’s voice. Therefore my joy is made full. He must increase, but I must decrease.

“He who comes from above is above all. He who is from the earth belongs to the earth and speaks of the earth. He who comes from heaven is above all. What he has seen and heard, of that he testifies; and no one receives his witness. He who has received his witness has set his seal to this, that God is true. For he whom God has sent speaks the words of God; for God gives the Spirit without measure. The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand. One who believes in the Son has eternal life, but one who disobeys the Son won’t see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”

Jesus and his disciples baptize in Judea while John the Baptist is still baptizing nearby. When John's disciples complain that everyone is going to Jesus, John answers that he is only the bridegroom's friend, rejoicing at the bridegroom's voice: "He must increase, but I must decrease."

What does this mean?

The "friend of the bridegroom" was something like a best man, who helped arrange the wedding but was not its centre. "Set to his seal" (KJV) means to certify, as with a seal on a document. "Without measure" means without limit.

Historical context

Aenon near Salim is uncertain; it may have been in the Jordan valley or in Samaria. Verse 24 notes that John had not yet been imprisoned; the other Gospels report his arrest by Herod Antipas. Only John's Gospel says that Jesus' circle baptized, and 4:2 adds that his disciples, not Jesus himself, did so.

Why does it matter?

The Baptist's last words in this Gospel complete his role as witness. As with verses 16 to 21, interpreters differ over whether verses 31 to 36 continue the Baptist's speech or are the narrator's comment; the WEB marks them as the Baptist's words.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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