John 3 · KJV
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John 3

Jesus and Nicodemus

There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him. Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother’s womb, and be born? Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things? And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven.

And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.

He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.

Nicodemus, a Pharisee and leader, visits Jesus at night. Jesus tells him no one can see God's kingdom without being "born again" or "from above". Nicodemus is baffled, and Jesus speaks of the Spirit, of the Son of Man being "lifted up", and of God's love for the world.

  • Scripture connection · Reference

    John 3:14 refers to Numbers 21:9

    And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived.
    Numbers 21:9 · KJV

    In Numbers, Israelites bitten by snakes were healed by looking at a bronze serpent raised on a pole. Jesus uses it as a picture of his being 'lifted up'.

What does this mean?

The Greek word behind "again" (KJV) or "anew" (WEB) also means "from above"; Nicodemus hears only the first sense. The same Greek word means both "wind" and "spirit", which verse 8 plays on. "Kingdom of God" means God's rule. "Lifted up" can mean both raised on a cross and exalted.

Historical context

A "ruler of the Jews" probably means a member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council in Jerusalem. Coming "by night" may have been for privacy, but darkness is also a symbol in this Gospel. Ancient Greek manuscripts had no quotation marks, so interpreters differ over whether verses 16 to 21 are Jesus' words or the narrator's reflection.

Why does it matter?

Verse 16 became one of the best-known verses in the Bible. Nicodemus reappears twice: defending Jesus' right to a hearing (7:50) and helping to bury him (19:39). Light and darkness, from the prologue, return as images of judgment.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The Baptist points away from himself

After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judæa; and there he tarried with them, and baptized.

And John also was baptizing in Ænon near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized. For John was not yet cast into prison.

Then there arose a question between some of John’s disciples and the Jews about purifying. And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him. John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven. Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him. He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom’s voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase, but I must decrease. He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all. And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony. He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true. For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him. The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand. He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.

Jesus and his disciples baptize in Judea while John the Baptist is still baptizing nearby. When John's disciples complain that everyone is going to Jesus, John answers that he is only the bridegroom's friend, rejoicing at the bridegroom's voice: "He must increase, but I must decrease."

What does this mean?

The "friend of the bridegroom" was something like a best man, who helped arrange the wedding but was not its centre. "Set to his seal" (KJV) means to certify, as with a seal on a document. "Without measure" means without limit.

Historical context

Aenon near Salim is uncertain; it may have been in the Jordan valley or in Samaria. Verse 24 notes that John had not yet been imprisoned; the other Gospels report his arrest by Herod Antipas. Only John's Gospel says that Jesus' circle baptized, and 4:2 adds that his disciples, not Jesus himself, did so.

Why does it matter?

The Baptist's last words in this Gospel complete his role as witness. As with verses 16 to 21, interpreters differ over whether verses 31 to 36 continue the Baptist's speech or are the narrator's comment; the WEB marks them as the Baptist's words.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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