John 18
Jesus is arrested
When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples. And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples. Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons. Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye? They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them. As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground. Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way: That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me have I lost none. Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus. Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?
Jesus crosses the Kidron valley with his disciples to a garden, where Judas arrives with soldiers and temple officers carrying lanterns, torches and weapons. Jesus steps forward and asks whom they want; when he answers "I am he", they fall back to the ground. Peter cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Malchus, but Jesus tells him to put away his sword.
What does this mean?
"Band" (KJV) or "detachment" (WEB) translates a Roman military term for a cohort, a unit nominally of several hundred soldiers, though the word could be used loosely. Again "I am he" is in Greek simply "I am". "The cup" is an Old Testament image for a destiny given by God, often suffering.
Historical context
The Kidron valley lies between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives. The other Gospels name the place Gethsemane. Passover fell at full moon, yet the party still brought lanterns and torches, perhaps to search the garden.
Why does it matter?
John portrays Jesus as in control of his own arrest: he knows what will happen, goes out to meet his captors, and protects his disciples. Many interpreters read the soldiers falling to the ground as a reaction to a divine-sounding "I am".
Editorial notes, not scripture.
Told in all four Gospels
Matthew 26:47–56
The arrest of Jesus
How Matthew tells it
Only Matthew has Jesus address Judas as 'Friend', rebuke the swordsman with 'all who take the sword will die by the sword', and mention twelve legions of angels. Mark adds a young man who flees naked; Luke has Jesus heal the servant's ear; John names Peter and the servant, Malchus, and has the arresting party fall back.
Continue reading in Matthew →Mark 14:43–52
The arrest of Jesus
How Mark tells it
Only Mark tells of the young man who fled naked. Mark's Judas tells the crowd to lead Jesus away 'safely', and Jesus says nothing to him. The swordsman is unnamed (John names Peter and the servant Malchus), and Jesus neither rebukes him (Matthew, John) nor heals the ear (Luke).
Continue reading in Mark →Luke 22:47–53
The arrest of Jesus
How Luke tells it
Only Luke has the disciples ask "shall we smite with the sword?" and tells of Jesus healing the ear. In Luke the chief priests themselves are present. Luke does not say the disciples fled (Mark, Matthew) and has no young man escaping naked (Mark). John names Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the servant.
Continue reading in Luke →How John tells it
John does not name Gethsemane or describe Jesus praying in anguish, and Judas gives no kiss. Instead Jesus steps forward, asks whom they seek and answers "I am he", at which the arresting party falls back. Only John names Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the servant, and mentions soldiers alongside the temple officers.