Matthew 26 · KJV
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Matthew 26

The plot to kill Jesus

And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished all these sayings, he said unto his disciples, Ye know that after two days is the feast of the passover, and the Son of man is betrayed to be crucified. Then assembled together the chief priests, and the scribes, and the elders of the people, unto the palace of the high priest, who was called Caiaphas, And consulted that they might take Jesus by subtilty, and kill him. But they said, Not on the feast day, lest there be an uproar among the people.

After finishing his teaching, Jesus tells his disciples that the Passover is two days away and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified. Meanwhile the chief priests and elders meet at the residence of the high priest Caiaphas and plot to arrest Jesus by stealth, but not during the festival, for fear of a riot.

Historical context

Passover commemorated Israel's liberation from Egypt (Exodus 12) and was celebrated with a meal of lamb, unleavened bread and wine, followed by the week-long Feast of Unleavened Bread. Caiaphas was high priest from about AD 18 to 36, an unusually long tenure suggesting he worked well with the Romans. An ossuary (bone box) inscribed with the name Caiaphas, found in Jerusalem in 1990, may belong to his family.

Why does it matter?

'When Jesus had finished all these sayings' closes the fifth and last discourse; the word 'all' marks the end of his teaching. Jesus foretells his death even as the authorities plan it.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The anointing at Bethany

Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, There came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat. But when his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste? For this ointment might have been sold for much, and given to the poor. When Jesus understood it, he said unto them, Why trouble ye the woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me. For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. For in that she hath poured this ointment on my body, she did it for my burial. Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world, there shall also this, that this woman hath done, be told for a memorial of her.

At Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman pours a jar of expensive perfumed oil over Jesus' head. The disciples complain at the waste, since it could have been sold and the money given to the poor. Jesus defends her: she has done a good thing, preparing his body for burial, and her act will be told wherever the good news is preached.

What does this mean?

'Alabaster box' (KJV) or 'jar' (WEB) was a sealed flask of soft stone for perfume. 'Ointment' was perfumed oil.

Historical context

Anointing the head was a mark of honour for guests and also how kings were anointed; bodies were anointed with oils and spices before burial. Simon 'the leper' was presumably healed, or the name recalled a former illness.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' words about the poor allude to Deuteronomy 15:11, which goes on to command generosity to them. The unnamed woman's insight contrasts with the disciples' objection and, in the next verses, with Judas's betrayal.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Matthew, like Mark, sets the scene in Simon the leper's house with the oil poured on Jesus' head. Matthew says 'the disciples' objected, where Mark says 'some' and John names Judas. Matthew omits Mark's price of three hundred denarii. John sets it six days before Passover, at a dinner where Lazarus is present, with Mary anointing Jesus' feet.

Judas agrees to betray Jesus

Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief priests, And said unto them, What will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you? And they covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver. And from that time he sought opportunity to betray him.

Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve, goes to the chief priests and asks what they will give him to hand Jesus over. They pay him thirty pieces of silver, and from then on he looks for an opportunity.

What does this mean?

'Covenanted with him' (KJV) means agreed a price; the WEB has 'weighed out'.

Historical context

Thirty shekels of silver was the compensation the Law set for a slave gored by an ox (Exodus 21:32), so the sum may suggest how cheaply Jesus was valued. Only Matthew names the amount, which returns in 27:3–10.

Why does it matter?

No Gospel fully explains Judas's motive. Matthew's placing sets his bargain against the woman's extravagant gift; John (12:6) calls Judas a thief, and Luke and John speak of Satan entering him. Other proposed motives, such as disappointment with Jesus' path, are speculation.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Passover and the betrayer

Now the first day of the feast of unleavened bread the disciples came to Jesus, saying unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare for thee to eat the passover? And he said, Go into the city to such a man, and say unto him, The Master saith, My time is at hand; I will keep the passover at thy house with my disciples. And the disciples did as Jesus had appointed them; and they made ready the passover. Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. And as they did eat, he said, Verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me. And they were exceeding sorrowful, and began every one of them to say unto him, Lord, is it I? And he answered and said, He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me. The Son of man goeth as it is written of him: but woe unto that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man if he had not been born. Then Judas, which betrayed him, answered and said, Master, is it I? He said unto him, Thou hast said.

On the first day of Unleavened Bread, Jesus sends his disciples to prepare the Passover at a certain man's house in Jerusalem. During the meal he announces that one of them will betray him. Grieved, they ask one by one if it is them. Jesus speaks of the one who dipped his hand with him in the dish, and when Judas asks, he answers, 'You said it.'

What does this mean?

'Thou hast said' (KJV) is an affirmative but indirect answer, used again before the high priest (26:64).

Historical context

The Passover meal was eaten in Jerusalem after sunset, with diners reclining and dipping bread in shared dishes. Matthew, Mark and Luke present the Last Supper as a Passover meal, while John's Gospel places the crucifixion on the day before Passover; scholars still debate how to reconcile the chronologies.

Why does it matter?

The other disciples address Jesus as 'Lord'; Judas calls him 'Rabbi', a title Jesus told his followers not to use of anyone but their one teacher (23:8). Betrayal by someone who shares one's bread recalls Psalm 41:9.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The Last Supper

And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.

During the meal Jesus takes bread, blesses and breaks it, and gives it to the disciples as his body. He then gives them a cup, calling it his blood of the covenant, poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins, and says he will not drink wine again until he drinks it new in his Father's kingdom.

What does this mean?

'Testament' (KJV) means covenant (WEB), a binding agreement between God and his people. 'Blood of the covenant' echoes Exodus 24:8, where Moses seals the covenant at Sinai with sacrificial blood. 'Remission' (KJV) means forgiveness.

Historical context

A Passover meal included blessings over bread and several cups of wine, and a retelling of the exodus.

Why does it matter?

This meal is the origin of the Christian Lord's Supper, also called the Eucharist, Mass or Communion. Christian traditions differ deeply on what 'this is my body' means: a real change in the bread and wine, a real spiritual presence, or a memorial sign.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Only Matthew has 'Drink of it, all of you' and the words 'for the forgiveness of sins'. Luke includes a cup before the bread and the command 'do this in remembrance of me', and speaks of the kingdom of God where Matthew has 'my Father's kingdom'. Otherwise Matthew's wording is very close to Mark's.

Peter's denial foretold

And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives. Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad. But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Peter answered and said unto him, Though all men shall be offended because of thee, yet will I never be offended. Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Peter said unto him, Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee. Likewise also said all the disciples.

After singing a hymn, Jesus and the disciples go out to the Mount of Olives. He tells them they will all desert him that night, but after he is raised he will go ahead of them to Galilee. Peter insists he will never fall away; Jesus says that before the rooster crows Peter will deny him three times. Peter and all the others protest that they would rather die.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Matthew 26:31 quotes Zechariah 13:7

    Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.
    Zechariah 13:7 · KJV

    Jesus applies Zechariah's struck shepherd to his arrest and the flight of his disciples.

What does this mean?

'Be offended because of me' (KJV) means desert me or lose faith in me. 'Cock' (KJV) means rooster.

Historical context

The Passover meal traditionally ended with the second part of the Hallel, roughly Psalms 115–118 (the whole Hallel is Psalms 113–118); this was probably the 'hymn'.

Why does it matter?

The promise to meet in Galilee is repeated at the empty tomb (28:7, 10) and fulfilled in 28:16.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Prayer in Gethsemane

Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy. Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me. And he went a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt. And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour? Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak. He went away again the second time, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if this cup may not pass away from me, except I drink it, thy will be done. And he came and found them asleep again: for their eyes were heavy. And he left them, and went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the same words. Then cometh he to his disciples, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, and take your rest: behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us be going: behold, he is at hand that doth betray me.

At Gethsemane, Jesus takes Peter, James and John further with him and tells them his soul is sorrowful to the point of death. He falls on his face and prays three times that, if possible, the cup might pass from him, yet that his Father's will be done. Each time he finds the disciples asleep. Finally he wakes them: the hour has come, and the betrayer is here.

What does this mean?

'Gethsemane' means 'oil press', suggesting an olive grove. The 'cup' is the suffering ahead (compare 20:22). 'The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak' contrasts good intentions with human frailty.

Historical context

Gethsemane lay on the lower slope of the Mount of Olives, across the Kidron Valley from the temple. The traditional site still has ancient olive trees.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' warning to 'watch and pray' that they enter not into temptation recalls the Lord's Prayer (6:13), as does his surrender to the Father's will.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Matthew tells it

As in Mark, Jesus prays three times and finds the disciples asleep each time, but only Matthew gives the words of the second prayer, echoing the Lord's Prayer ('thy will be done'). Luke has one prayer, an angel strengthening Jesus and sweat like drops of blood (absent from some early manuscripts), and says the disciples slept from sorrow.

The arrest of Jesus

And while he yet spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and elders of the people. Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he: hold him fast. And forthwith he came to Jesus, and said, Hail, master; and kissed him. And Jesus said unto him, Friend, wherefore art thou come? Then came they, and laid hands on Jesus, and took him. And, behold, one of them which were with Jesus stretched out his hand, and drew his sword, and struck a servant of the high priest’s, and smote off his ear. Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword. Thinkest thou that I cannot now pray to my Father, and he shall presently give me more than twelve legions of angels? But how then shall the scriptures be fulfilled, that thus it must be? In that same hour said Jesus to the multitudes, Are ye come out as against a thief with swords and staves for to take me? I sat daily with you teaching in the temple, and ye laid no hold on me. But all this was done, that the scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples forsook him, and fled.

Judas arrives with a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests and elders, and identifies Jesus with a kiss. When one of Jesus' companions cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Jesus tells him to put away his sword: he could call on more than twelve legions of angels, but the scriptures must be fulfilled. All the disciples desert him and flee.

What does this mean?

'Hail, master' (KJV) or 'Greetings, Rabbi' (WEB): a kiss was a normal greeting from a disciple to a teacher, which made it an effective signal. 'Staves' (KJV) are clubs. A Roman legion had roughly five thousand soldiers.

Why does it matter?

Jesus' rejection of the sword fits his teaching on non-retaliation (5:38–44). His words about the scriptures present him as going to his death knowingly, not as a helpless victim. The flight of the disciples fulfils his prediction (26:31).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in all four Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Only Matthew has Jesus address Judas as 'Friend', rebuke the swordsman with 'all who take the sword will die by the sword', and mention twelve legions of angels. Mark adds a young man who flees naked; Luke has Jesus heal the servant's ear; John names Peter and the servant, Malchus, and has the arresting party fall back.

Before the high priest

And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest’s palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end. Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death; But found none: yea, though many false witnesses came, yet found they none. At the last came two false witnesses, And said, This fellow said, I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days. And the high priest arose, and said unto him, Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these witness against thee? But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven. Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy. What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others smote him with the palms of their hands, Saying, Prophesy unto us, thou Christ, Who is he that smote thee?

Jesus is taken to Caiaphas, where the council has gathered; Peter follows at a distance. The council seeks false testimony, and at last two witnesses say Jesus claimed he could destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days. Jesus is silent until the high priest puts him under oath to say whether he is the Messiah, the Son of God. At his reply, the high priest tears his clothes and the council declares him deserving of death; they spit on him and beat him.

  • Scripture connection · Allusion

    Matthew 26:64 echoes Daniel 7:13 · Psalm 110:1

    I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him.
    Daniel 7:13 · KJV
    The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
    Psalm 110:1 · KJV

    Before the high priest, Jesus combines Daniel's 'Son of man' coming with the clouds and the Psalm's figure seated at God's right hand.

What does this mean?

The 'council' is the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish court in Jerusalem, presided over by the high priest. Tearing one's clothes was a traditional sign of grief or horror; later rabbinic rules required it of judges who heard blasphemy.

Historical context

Historians debate the nature and legality of this night hearing. Rules in the Mishnah (around AD 200) forbid capital trials at night or on festivals, but it is uncertain whether they applied in Jesus' day. Under Roman rule the council probably could not carry out a death sentence itself, which is why Jesus is taken to Pilate.

Why does it matter?

The mocking demand to 'prophesy' is ironic: at that moment Jesus' prophecy about Peter is coming true in the courtyard.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Peter denies Jesus

Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee. But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou sayest. And when he was gone out into the porch, another maid saw him, and said unto them that were there, This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth. And again he denied with an oath, I do not know the man. And after a while came unto him they that stood by, and said to Peter, Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth thee. Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew. And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly.

In the courtyard, a servant girl says Peter was with Jesus the Galilean; he denies it. Another girl repeats the charge and he denies it with an oath. Bystanders say his accent gives him away; he curses and swears that he does not know the man. At once the rooster crows, Peter remembers Jesus' words, and he goes out and weeps bitterly.

What does this mean?

'Thy speech bewrayeth thee' (KJV) means your accent gives you away. 'To curse and to swear' means calling down curses, probably on himself, if he were lying.

Historical context

Galileans had a recognisable accent; later rabbinic sources poke fun at Galilean pronunciation.

Why does it matter?

Peter's swearing breaks Jesus' own teaching on oaths (5:33–37). His bitter weeping contrasts with Judas's despair in the next chapter.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in all four Gospels

How Matthew tells it

Matthew's denials escalate: a plain denial, then one 'with an oath', then cursing and swearing; only Matthew makes the second denial one 'with an oath'. In Mark the rooster crows twice, as Jesus had foretold there; in Luke the Lord turns and looks at Peter, and his denials are less vehement.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
  25. 25
  26. 26
  27. 27
  28. 28

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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