Luke 12 · WEB
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Luke 12

Do not fear those who kill the body

Meanwhile, when a multitude of many thousands had gathered together, so much so that they trampled on each other, he began to tell his disciples first of all, “Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. But there is nothing covered up that will not be revealed, nor hidden that will not be known. Therefore whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light. What you have spoken in the ear in the inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.

“I tell you, my friends, don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. But I will warn you whom you should fear. Fear him who after he has killed, has power to cast into Gehenna. Yes, I tell you, fear him.

“Aren’t five sparrows sold for two assaria coins? Not one of them is forgotten by God. But the very hairs of your head are all counted. Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.

“I tell you, everyone who confesses me before men, the Son of Man will also confess before the angels of God; but he who denies me in the presence of men will be denied in the presence of God’s angels. Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but those who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. When they bring you before the synagogues, the rulers, and the authorities, don’t be anxious how or what you will answer or what you will say; for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that same hour what you must say.”

As thousands crowd around, Jesus warns his disciples against the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, since everything hidden will be revealed. They should not fear those who can only kill the body, but God, whose power extends beyond death; yet God values them more than many sparrows. Those who acknowledge Jesus publicly will be acknowledged before God's angels, and when they are put on trial the Holy Spirit will teach them what to say.

What does this mean?

"Leaven" (KJV) or "yeast" is an image of something small that spreads through the whole. "Hell" (KJV) in verse 5 is Gehenna, the Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem, once associated with child sacrifice (Jeremiah 7:31) and used as an image of final judgment. Two "farthings" (KJV) were small copper coins.

Historical context

Sparrows were among the cheapest food sold in markets. Interpreters differ over what blasphemy against the Holy Spirit means; a common view is a settled rejection of God's work.

Why does it matter?

The promise of the Spirit's help before synagogues and rulers is fulfilled in Acts, where Peter, Stephen and Paul speak boldly before councils and governors.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The parable of the rich fool

One of the multitude said to him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.”

But he said to him, “Man, who made me a judge or an arbitrator over you?” He said to them, “Beware! Keep yourselves from covetousness, for a man’s life doesn’t consist of the abundance of the things which he possesses.”

He spoke a parable to them, saying, “The ground of a certain rich man produced abundantly. He reasoned within himself, saying, ‘What will I do, because I don’t have room to store my crops?’ He said, ‘This is what I will do. I will pull down my barns, build bigger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods. I will tell my soul, “Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years. Take your ease, eat, drink, and be merry.”’

“But God said to him, ‘You foolish one, tonight your soul is required of you. The things which you have prepared—whose will they be?’ So is he who lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.”

A man in the crowd asks Jesus to tell his brother to divide their inheritance with him. Jesus refuses to act as judge and warns against greed, since life does not consist in possessions. He tells of a rich farmer who, after a bumper harvest, plans bigger barns and a life of ease, but God tells him he will die that very night.

What does this mean?

"Covetousness" means greed, the desire for more. "Soul" here means the self or life. In biblical wisdom writing a "fool" is someone who lives as if God did not matter (Psalm 14:1).

Historical context

People often brought disputes to respected teachers for arbitration. Inheritance law gave the firstborn son a double share (Deuteronomy 21:17). A farmer who stored grain could also hold it back to sell at a higher price in times of shortage.

Why does it matter?

The farmer talks only to himself, repeating "I" and "my." Only Luke records this parable, part of his strong emphasis on the dangers of wealth.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Do not worry

He said to his disciples, “Therefore I tell you, don’t be anxious for your life, what you will eat, nor yet for your body, what you will wear. Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing. Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds! Which of you by being anxious can add a cubit to his height? If then you aren’t able to do even the least things, why are you anxious about the rest? Consider the lilies, how they grow. They don’t toil, neither do they spin; yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. But if this is how God clothes the grass in the field, which today exists and tomorrow is cast into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith?

“Don’t seek what you will eat or what you will drink; neither be anxious. For the nations of the world seek after all of these things, but your Father knows that you need these things. But seek God’s Kingdom, and all these things will be added to you.

“Don’t be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the Kingdom. Sell what you have and give gifts to the needy. Make for yourselves purses which don’t grow old, a treasure in the heavens that doesn’t fail, where no thief approaches and no moth destroys. For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.

Jesus tells his disciples not to worry about food or clothing: God feeds the ravens and clothes the wild flowers more splendidly than Solomon, and he knows what they need. Instead they should seek his kingdom, sell their possessions and give to the poor, storing up treasure in heaven, because where their treasure is, their heart will be too.

What does this mean?

"Lilies" probably means wild flowers in general. A "cubit" was about 45 cm; the Greek phrase may mean adding to one's height or to the length of one's life. "Little flock" pictures the disciples tenderly as God's sheep.

Historical context

Ravens were unclean birds under the Law (Leviticus 11:15), which makes God's care for them striking; Matthew says simply "birds." Dried grass was burned as fuel in clay ovens. Solomon was the proverbial example of royal splendour.

Why does it matter?

Selling possessions and giving to the poor is practised by the early church in Acts (Acts 2:44–45; 4:32–37). Christians have long debated whether the instruction applies literally to all believers.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Be ready for the master's return

“Let your waist be dressed and your lamps burning. Be like men watching for their lord when he returns from the wedding feast, that when he comes and knocks, they may immediately open to him. Blessed are those servants whom the lord will find watching when he comes. Most certainly I tell you that he will dress himself, make them recline, and will come and serve them. They will be blessed if he comes in the second or third watch and finds them so. But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched and not allowed his house to be broken into. Therefore be ready also, for the Son of Man is coming in an hour that you don’t expect him.”

Peter said to him, “Lord, are you telling this parable to us, or to everybody?”

The Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord will set over his household, to give them their portion of food at the right times? Blessed is that servant whom his lord will find doing so when he comes. Truly I tell you that he will set him over all that he has. But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My lord delays his coming,’ and begins to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink and to be drunken, then the lord of that servant will come in a day when he isn’t expecting him and in an hour that he doesn’t know, and will cut him in two, and place his portion with the unfaithful. That servant who knew his lord’s will, and didn’t prepare nor do what he wanted, will be beaten with many stripes, but he who didn’t know, and did things worthy of stripes, will be beaten with few stripes. To whomever much is given, of him will much be required; and to whom much was entrusted, of him more will be asked.

Jesus tells his disciples to be dressed for action with lamps lit, like servants waiting for their master to come home from a wedding; blessed are those he finds awake, for he will serve them himself. Like a householder who knew when a thief was coming, they must be ready, because the Son of Man will come unexpectedly. Answering Peter, he describes faithful and unfaithful managers and warns that much is required of those given much.

What does this mean?

"Let your loins be girded about" (KJV) means tuck up your long robe with a belt, ready for work. A "steward" managed a household on the owner's behalf. "Cut him in sunder" (KJV) is a harsh image of severe punishment; some think it means cut off from the household.

Historical context

Romans divided the night into four watches and Jewish tradition into three, so the second and third watches mean the middle of the night.

Why does it matter?

The master serving his servants is a startling reversal, echoed when Jesus says at the Last Supper, "I am among you as he that serveth" (22:27). The early church faced questions about the delay of Jesus' return, which this teaching addresses.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Division and the signs of the times

“I came to throw fire on the earth. I wish it were already kindled. But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how distressed I am until it is accomplished! Do you think that I have come to give peace on the earth? I tell you, no, but rather division. For from now on, there will be five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three. They will be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law, and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”

He said to the multitudes also, “When you see a cloud rising from the west, immediately you say, ‘A shower is coming,’ and so it happens. When a south wind blows, you say, ‘There will be a scorching heat,’ and it happens. You hypocrites! You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and the sky, but how is it that you don’t interpret this time?

“Why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right? For when you are going with your adversary before the magistrate, try diligently on the way to be released from him, lest perhaps he drag you to the judge, and the judge deliver you to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison. I tell you, you will by no means get out of there until you have paid the very last penny.”

Jesus says he has come to bring fire on the earth, that he has a baptism to undergo, and that he is distressed until it is complete. He has come to bring not peace but division, even within families. He rebukes the crowds for reading the signs of the weather while failing to read the present time, and urges them to settle with an opponent before reaching the judge.

What does this mean?

"Baptism" is used figuratively for an overwhelming ordeal; most interpreters take it as his coming death. The fire may mean judgment, purification or the Spirit (3:16). A "mite" (KJV) or "penny" (WEB) was the smallest coin.

Historical context

In this region, clouds from the west bring rain from the Mediterranean, while a south wind from the desert brings heat. The divided household echoes Micah 7:6.

Why does it matter?

These words sit uneasily with the angels' song of "peace on earth" (2:14); interpreters reconcile them by noting that Jesus' coming forces a decision that divides people. The call to settle quickly conveys the urgency of preparing for God's judgment.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

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  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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