Luke 4 · WEB
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Luke 4

The temptation in the wilderness

Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness for forty days, being tempted by the devil. He ate nothing in those days. Afterward, when they were completed, he was hungry.

The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.”

Jesus answered him, saying, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.’”

The devil, leading him up on a high mountain, showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. The devil said to him, “I will give you all this authority and their glory, for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whomever I want. If you therefore will worship before me, it will all be yours.”

Jesus answered him, “Get behind me, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and you shall serve him only.’”

He led him to Jerusalem and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, cast yourself down from here, for it is written, ‘He will put his angels in charge of you, to guard you;’

and, ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest perhaps you dash your foot against a stone.’”

Jesus answering, said to him, “It has been said, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’”

When the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him until another time.

Full of the Spirit, Jesus is led into the wilderness, where he eats nothing for forty days and is tested by the devil. The devil tempts him to turn a stone into bread, to worship him in exchange for the kingdoms of the world, and to throw himself down from the temple; each time Jesus answers with Scripture. The devil leaves him until another time.

What does this mean?

"Devil" comes from the Greek for "slanderer"; "Satan" is Hebrew for "adversary." "Tempted" also means tested. The "pinnacle" was a high point of the temple complex.

Historical context

Jesus' replies come from Deuteronomy 8:3, 6:13 and 6:16, where Moses recalls Israel's forty years of testing in the wilderness; the devil quotes Psalm 91:11–12. Moses and Elijah also each went forty days without food (Exodus 34:28; 1 Kings 19:8).

Why does it matter?

Many interpreters read the scene as Jesus remaining faithful where Israel failed in the wilderness. The devil's departure "for a season" (KJV) anticipates his return at the passion, when Satan enters Judas (22:3).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Luke tells it

Luke reverses Matthew's order of the second and third temptations, so the sequence ends at the Jerusalem temple, where his story reaches its climax. Only Luke has the devil claim that the world's authority has been handed to him, and he ends with the devil leaving "until another time" rather than with angels serving Jesus. Mark gives no details.

Jesus is rejected at Nazareth

Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and news about him spread through all the surrounding area. He taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.

He came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. He entered, as was his custom, into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read. The book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. He opened the book, and found the place where it was written, “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to heal the broken hearted, to proclaim release to the captives, recovering of sight to the blind, to deliver those who are crushed, and to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.”

He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him. He began to tell them, “Today, this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

All testified about him and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth; and they said, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”

He said to them, “Doubtless you will tell me this proverb, ‘Physician, heal yourself! Whatever we have heard done at Capernaum, do also here in your hometown.’” He said, “Most certainly I tell you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown. But truly I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land. Elijah was sent to none of them, except to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow. There were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, yet not one of them was cleansed, except Naaman, the Syrian.”

They were all filled with wrath in the synagogue as they heard these things. They rose up, threw him out of the city, and led him to the brow of the hill that their city was built on, that they might throw him off the cliff. But he, passing through the middle of them, went his way.

Jesus returns to Galilee and teaches in the synagogues. In his hometown, Nazareth, he reads from Isaiah on the Sabbath and declares that the passage is fulfilled that day. Admiration turns to fury when he points out that Elijah and Elisha were sent to foreigners, and the townspeople try to throw him off a cliff, but he walks away through the crowd.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation · presented as fulfilled

    Luke 4:18–19 quotes Isaiah 61:1–2

    The Lord GOD’s Spirit is on me, because the LORD has anointed me to preach good news to the humble. He has sent me to bind up the broken hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and release to those who are bound, to proclaim the year of the LORD’s favor and the day of vengeance of our God, to comfort all who mourn,
    Isaiah 61:1–2 · WEB

    Jesus reads Isaiah in the Nazareth synagogue and stops before the next phrase, 'the day of vengeance of our God'. Luke's wording follows the Greek and includes a line from Isaiah 58:6.

What does this mean?

"Physician, heal yourself" is a proverb: prove yourself at home first. Jesus "sat down" because teachers taught seated.

Historical context

A synagogue was a local Jewish assembly for prayer and the reading of Scripture; Acts 13:15 describes readings from the Law and the Prophets followed by a talk. Elijah was sent to a widow of Zarephath near Sidon (1 Kings 17) and Elisha healed Naaman, a Syrian army commander (2 Kings 5), both non-Israelites.

Why does it matter?

Luke places this scene at the start of Jesus' ministry, while Mark and Matthew tell of a rejection at Nazareth later (Mark 6:1–6). It works as a programme for the whole Gospel: good news for the poor and for outsiders, and rejection by his own. The "acceptable year of the Lord" is often linked with the jubilee year of release (Leviticus 25). The reading from Isaiah is discussed under Scripture connections.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Jesus drives out a demon at Capernaum

He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. He was teaching them on the Sabbath day, and they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority. In the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon; and he cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Ah! what have we to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are: the Holy One of God!”

Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent and come out of him!” When the demon had thrown him down in the middle of them, he came out of him, having done him no harm.

Amazement came on all and they spoke together, one with another, saying, “What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!” News about him went out into every place of the surrounding region.

In the synagogue at Capernaum, a man possessed by an unclean demon cries out that Jesus is "the Holy One of God." Jesus silences the demon and orders it out, and it leaves the man unharmed. The people are amazed at the authority of his word, and news of him spreads.

What does this mean?

An "unclean spirit" or "unclean demon" (KJV "devil") is an evil spiritual being; "unclean" sets it against God's holiness. "What have we to do with thee?" is an idiom meaning "Leave us alone."

Historical context

Capernaum was a fishing town on the north-west shore of the Sea of Galilee and became the base of Jesus' work in Galilee. The limestone synagogue visible there today was built centuries later, possibly over an earlier one. Belief that demons caused illness and madness was widespread among both Jews and Gentiles.

Why does it matter?

This is the first miracle Luke narrates. It acts out the "deliverance to the captives" (KJV) announced at Nazareth, and shows the spirit world recognising Jesus before people do.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Peter's mother-in-law is healed

He rose up from the synagogue and entered into Simon’s house. Simon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a great fever, and they begged him to help her. He stood over her and rebuked the fever, and it left her. Immediately she rose up and served them.

Leaving the synagogue, Jesus goes into Simon's house, where Simon's mother-in-law has a high fever. Jesus stands over her and rebukes the fever; it leaves her, and she gets up at once and serves them.

What does this mean?

"Rebuked" is the same word used for Jesus' command to the demon (4:35), treating the fever almost as a hostile power. "Ministered" (KJV) or "served" (WEB) means she provided hospitality, probably a meal.

Historical context

Extended families often lived together in rooms grouped around a courtyard. At Capernaum, excavators found a house venerated as Peter's from early centuries and later built over by a church; whether it was really his cannot be proved.

Why does it matter?

Simon, later called Peter, appears here before Luke tells of his call (5:1–11), so readers first meet him as Jesus' host. His mother-in-law shows that he was married (compare 1 Corinthians 9:5).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Told in three Gospels

How Luke tells it

Only Luke calls it a "great" fever and says Jesus stood over her and rebuked it; in Mark and Matthew he takes or touches her hand. Luke mentions no other disciples present, and he tells the story before Simon's call, whereas Mark places it after.

Healings at sunset and a preaching tour

When the sun was setting, all those who had any sick with various diseases brought them to him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. Demons also came out of many, crying out and saying, “You are the Christ, the Son of God!” Rebuking them, he didn’t allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.

When it was day, he departed and went into an uninhabited place and the multitudes looked for him, and came to him, and held on to him, so that he wouldn’t go away from them. But he said to them, “I must preach the good news of God’s Kingdom to the other cities also. For this reason I have been sent.” He was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee.

At sunset people bring all their sick to Jesus, and he lays his hands on each one and heals them; demons come out shouting that he is the Son of God, but he silences them. At daybreak he withdraws to a lonely place, and when the crowds try to keep him, he tells them he must proclaim the kingdom of God in other towns too.

What does this mean?

"The kingdom of God" means God's reign, his rule breaking into the world, rather than a territory; it is the main subject of Jesus' preaching. "Christ" means Messiah, the anointed king.

Historical context

The Sabbath ended at sunset, after which carrying the sick was permitted, which explains the evening crowd. Many early manuscripts read "synagogues of Judea" in verse 44, where the KJV and WEB read "Galilee"; if "Judea" is original, Luke may mean the Jewish homeland generally.

Why does it matter?

Jesus will not be held by one town; his mission is to "the other cities also." Interpreters often explain his silencing of demons who know who he is as a wish to avoid misunderstanding about what kind of Messiah he was.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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Verse numbersSmall numerals within the text
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