Luke 12 · KJV
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Luke 12

Do not fear those who kill the body

In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. For there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; neither hid, that shall not be known. Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light; and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall be proclaimed upon the housetops. And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him. Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, and not one of them is forgotten before God? But even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not therefore: ye are of more value than many sparrows. Also I say unto you, Whosoever shall confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God: But he that denieth me before men shall be denied before the angels of God. And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Ghost it shall not be forgiven. And when they bring you unto the synagogues, and unto magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall answer, or what ye shall say: For the Holy Ghost shall teach you in the same hour what ye ought to say.

As thousands crowd around, Jesus warns his disciples against the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, since everything hidden will be revealed. They should not fear those who can only kill the body, but God, whose power extends beyond death; yet God values them more than many sparrows. Those who acknowledge Jesus publicly will be acknowledged before God's angels, and when they are put on trial the Holy Spirit will teach them what to say.

What does this mean?

"Leaven" (KJV) or "yeast" is an image of something small that spreads through the whole. "Hell" (KJV) in verse 5 is Gehenna, the Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem, once associated with child sacrifice (Jeremiah 7:31) and used as an image of final judgment. Two "farthings" (KJV) were small copper coins.

Historical context

Sparrows were among the cheapest food sold in markets. Interpreters differ over what blasphemy against the Holy Spirit means; a common view is a settled rejection of God's work.

Why does it matter?

The promise of the Spirit's help before synagogues and rulers is fulfilled in Acts, where Peter, Stephen and Paul speak boldly before councils and governors.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

The parable of the rich fool

And one of the company said unto him, Master, speak to my brother, that he divide the inheritance with me. And he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a divider over you? And he said unto them, Take heed, and beware of covetousness: for a man’s life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth. And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully: And he thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no room where to bestow my fruits? And he said, This will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my fruits and my goods. And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be, which thou hast provided? So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.

A man in the crowd asks Jesus to tell his brother to divide their inheritance with him. Jesus refuses to act as judge and warns against greed, since life does not consist in possessions. He tells of a rich farmer who, after a bumper harvest, plans bigger barns and a life of ease, but God tells him he will die that very night.

What does this mean?

"Covetousness" means greed, the desire for more. "Soul" here means the self or life. In biblical wisdom writing a "fool" is someone who lives as if God did not matter (Psalm 14:1).

Historical context

People often brought disputes to respected teachers for arbitration. Inheritance law gave the firstborn son a double share (Deuteronomy 21:17). A farmer who stored grain could also hold it back to sell at a higher price in times of shortage.

Why does it matter?

The farmer talks only to himself, repeating "I" and "my." Only Luke records this parable, part of his strong emphasis on the dangers of wealth.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Do not worry

And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat; neither for the body, what ye shall put on. The life is more than meat, and the body is more than raiment. Consider the ravens: for they neither sow nor reap; which neither have storehouse nor barn; and God feedeth them: how much more are ye better than the fowls? And which of you with taking thought can add to his stature one cubit? If ye then be not able to do that thing which is least, why take ye thought for the rest? Consider the lilies how they grow: they toil not, they spin not; and yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. If then God so clothe the grass, which is to day in the field, and to morrow is cast into the oven; how much more will he clothe you, O ye of little faith? And seek not ye what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink, neither be ye of doubtful mind. For all these things do the nations of the world seek after: and your Father knoweth that ye have need of these things.

But rather seek ye the kingdom of God; and all these things shall be added unto you. Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom. Sell that ye have, and give alms; provide yourselves bags which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief approacheth, neither moth corrupteth. For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.

Jesus tells his disciples not to worry about food or clothing: God feeds the ravens and clothes the wild flowers more splendidly than Solomon, and he knows what they need. Instead they should seek his kingdom, sell their possessions and give to the poor, storing up treasure in heaven, because where their treasure is, their heart will be too.

What does this mean?

"Lilies" probably means wild flowers in general. A "cubit" was about 45 cm; the Greek phrase may mean adding to one's height or to the length of one's life. "Little flock" pictures the disciples tenderly as God's sheep.

Historical context

Ravens were unclean birds under the Law (Leviticus 11:15), which makes God's care for them striking; Matthew says simply "birds." Dried grass was burned as fuel in clay ovens. Solomon was the proverbial example of royal splendour.

Why does it matter?

Selling possessions and giving to the poor is practised by the early church in Acts (Acts 2:44–45; 4:32–37). Christians have long debated whether the instruction applies literally to all believers.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Be ready for the master's return

Let your loins be girded about, and your lights burning; And ye yourselves like unto men that wait for their lord, when he will return from the wedding; that when he cometh and knocketh, they may open unto him immediately. Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them to sit down to meat, and will come forth and serve them. And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants. And this know, that if the goodman of the house had known what hour the thief would come, he would have watched, and not have suffered his house to be broken through. Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of man cometh at an hour when ye think not.

Then Peter said unto him, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even to all? And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of meat in due season? Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Of a truth I say unto you, that he will make him ruler over all that he hath. But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and maidens, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken; The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers. And that servant, which knew his lord’s will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes. But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes. For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required: and to whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more.

Jesus tells his disciples to be dressed for action with lamps lit, like servants waiting for their master to come home from a wedding; blessed are those he finds awake, for he will serve them himself. Like a householder who knew when a thief was coming, they must be ready, because the Son of Man will come unexpectedly. Answering Peter, he describes faithful and unfaithful managers and warns that much is required of those given much.

What does this mean?

"Let your loins be girded about" (KJV) means tuck up your long robe with a belt, ready for work. A "steward" managed a household on the owner's behalf. "Cut him in sunder" (KJV) is a harsh image of severe punishment; some think it means cut off from the household.

Historical context

Romans divided the night into four watches and Jewish tradition into three, so the second and third watches mean the middle of the night.

Why does it matter?

The master serving his servants is a startling reversal, echoed when Jesus says at the Last Supper, "I am among you as he that serveth" (22:27). The early church faced questions about the delay of Jesus' return, which this teaching addresses.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Division and the signs of the times

I am come to send fire on the earth; and what will I, if it be already kindled? But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished! Suppose ye that I am come to give peace on earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division: For from henceforth there shall be five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three. The father shall be divided against the son, and the son against the father; the mother against the daughter, and the daughter against the mother; the mother in law against her daughter in law, and the daughter in law against her mother in law.

And he said also to the people, When ye see a cloud rise out of the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it is. And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; and it cometh to pass. Ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time? Yea, and why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?

When thou goest with thine adversary to the magistrate, as thou art in the way, give diligence that thou mayest be delivered from him; lest he hale thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and the officer cast thee into prison. I tell thee, thou shalt not depart thence, till thou hast paid the very last mite.

Jesus says he has come to bring fire on the earth, that he has a baptism to undergo, and that he is distressed until it is complete. He has come to bring not peace but division, even within families. He rebukes the crowds for reading the signs of the weather while failing to read the present time, and urges them to settle with an opponent before reaching the judge.

What does this mean?

"Baptism" is used figuratively for an overwhelming ordeal; most interpreters take it as his coming death. The fire may mean judgment, purification or the Spirit (3:16). A "mite" (KJV) or "penny" (WEB) was the smallest coin.

Historical context

In this region, clouds from the west bring rain from the Mediterranean, while a south wind from the desert brings heat. The divided household echoes Micah 7:6.

Why does it matter?

These words sit uneasily with the angels' song of "peace on earth" (2:14); interpreters reconcile them by noting that Jesus' coming forces a decision that divides people. The call to settle quickly conveys the urgency of preparing for God's judgment.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

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  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24

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Reading

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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