Mark 10
A question about divorce
He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he was again teaching them.
Pharisees came to him testing him, and asked him, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?”
He answered, “What did Moses command you?”
They said, “Moses allowed a certificate of divorce to be written, and to divorce her.”
But Jesus said to them, “For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment. But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female. For this cause a man will leave his father and mother, and will join to his wife, and the two will become one flesh, so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.”
In the house, his disciples asked him again about the same matter. He said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her. If a woman herself divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.”
In Judea and beyond the Jordan, Pharisees test Jesus by asking whether divorce is lawful. He answers that Moses allowed a certificate of divorce because of hard hearts, but that from creation God made male and female to become one flesh. Privately he tells the disciples that remarriage after divorce is adultery.
What does this mean?
'Put away' (KJV) means divorce. A 'bill of divorcement' is the written certificate a husband gave his wife, leaving her free to remarry. 'Twain' means two; 'cleave' means hold fast; 'put asunder' means separate.
Historical context
Deuteronomy 24:1–4 regulates divorce, and Jewish teachers debated its grounds: according to the Mishnah, the school of Shammai allowed it only for unchastity, the school of Hillel for almost any reason. Jesus answers from Genesis 1:27 and 2:24. Jewish law normally let only husbands initiate divorce, while Roman law allowed wives to; many scholars think verse 12 applies the teaching to a Roman setting.
Why does it matter?
Jesus appeals behind the law to God's purpose in creation. Matthew's versions add an exception for sexual immorality (Matthew 5:32; 19:9), which Mark lacks, and Christian traditions differ in how they apply this teaching. The region beyond the Jordan was ruled by Herod Antipas, whose own marriage had cost John his life.
Editorial notes, not scripture.