Mark 7 · WEB
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Mark 7

The tradition of the elders

Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem. Now when they saw some of his disciples eating bread with defiled, that is unwashed, hands, they found fault. (For the Pharisees and all the Jews don’t eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders. They don’t eat when they come from the marketplace unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.) The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, “Why don’t your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?”

He answered them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. They worship me in vain, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

“For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men—the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things.” He said to them, “Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother;’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, “Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban,”’” that is to say, given to God, “then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, making void the word of God by your tradition which you have handed down. You do many things like this.”

Pharisees and scribes from Jerusalem criticise Jesus' disciples for eating without ritually washing their hands. Jesus calls them hypocrites and accuses them of setting aside God's commandments, such as honouring parents, in favour of human tradition.

  • Scripture connection · Quotation

    Mark 7:6–7 quotes Isaiah 29:13

    The Lord said, “Because this people draws near with their mouth and honors me with their lips, but they have removed their heart far from me, and their fear of me is a commandment of men which has been taught;
    Isaiah 29:13 · WEB

    Isaiah criticised worship that was only outward. Jesus uses it against traditions that override God's commands.

What does this mean?

'Defiled' or 'unwashen' hands means hands not ritually washed — a matter of religious purity, not hygiene. 'The tradition of the elders' was the body of interpretations and practices handed down by word of mouth alongside the written law. 'Corban' is a Hebrew word for an offering dedicated to God. 'Esaias' (KJV) is Isaiah.

Historical context

Mark explains Jewish customs for readers unfamiliar with them, suggesting an audience that included non-Jews. Despite Mark's 'all the Jews', scholars debate how widely such washing was practised beyond the Pharisees. Declaring property 'Corban' dedicated it to God; Jesus objects to such a vow being used to deny support to one's parents. Later Jewish teachers also discussed releasing people from vows of this kind.

Why does it matter?

This dispute leads into Jesus' teaching about what truly makes a person unclean (7:14–23). Questions of purity then frame his journey into Gentile territory (7:24–37).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

What makes a person unclean

He called all the multitude to himself and said to them, “Hear me, all of you, and understand. There is nothing from outside of the man that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

When he had entered into a house away from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the parable. He said to them, “Are you also without understanding? Don’t you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can’t defile him, because it doesn’t go into his heart, but into his stomach, then into the latrine, making all foods clean?” He said, “That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. All these evil things come from within and defile the man.”

Jesus tells the crowd that nothing entering a person from outside can defile them; what defiles comes from within. In private he explains to the puzzled disciples that food passes through the body, while evil comes from the heart.

What does this mean?

'Draught' (KJV) means latrine. 'Fornications' are sexual immoralities; 'lasciviousness' is unrestrained sensuality; an 'evil eye' was an idiom for envy or stinginess. In biblical thought the heart is the centre of thought and will, not only of emotion.

Historical context

The Jewish law included food laws (Leviticus 11) separating clean from unclean animals. In verse 19 both the KJV ('purging all meats') and the WEB ('making all foods clean') keep these words inside Jesus' question, describing digestion. Most modern translations follow the oldest Greek manuscripts, which differ here by one letter, and read them as Mark's own comment: 'Thus he declared all foods clean', as the WEB's footnote gives it. Verse 16 is absent from many early manuscripts.

Why does it matter?

Read as Mark's comment, verse 19 speaks to a major question in the early church: whether non-Jewish believers had to keep the Jewish food laws (see Acts 10; Galatians 2). Interpreters differ on whether Jesus himself meant to set those laws aside.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

A Syrophoenician woman's daughter

From there he arose and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. He entered into a house and didn’t want anyone to know it, but he couldn’t escape notice. For a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of him, came and fell down at his feet. Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. She begged him that he would cast the demon out of her daughter. But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not appropriate to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.”

But she answered him, “Yes, Lord. Yet even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

He said to her, “For this saying, go your way. The demon has gone out of your daughter.”

She went away to her house, and found the child having been laid on the bed, with the demon gone out.

In the region of Tyre, a Gentile woman begs Jesus to drive a demon out of her daughter. He replies that the children must be fed first, and it is not right to throw their bread to the dogs. She answers that even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs, and Jesus tells her that, for this answer, her daughter is free.

What does this mean?

'Greek' here means a Gentile, a non-Jew; a 'Syrophoenician' was a Phoenician from the Roman province of Syria. 'Meet' (KJV) means right or fitting. The word for 'dogs' is a diminutive, suggesting house dogs or puppies; interpreters differ on whether this softens the insult.

Historical context

Tyre was a wealthy Phoenician port on the Mediterranean, north-west of Galilee, and relations between Tyre and Galilean Jews were often tense. 'Dogs' was a known term of contempt for outsiders.

Why does it matter?

This is one of the few times in the Gospels that someone wins an argument with Jesus. 'The children' are usually understood as Israel, fed 'first'; the woman's reply claims a share for Gentiles too. The story continues the theme of the previous passage, as barriers of purity give way.

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Jesus heals a deaf man

Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee through the middle of the region of Decapolis. They brought to him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech. They begged him to lay his hand on him. He took him aside from the multitude privately and put his fingers into his ears; and he spat and touched his tongue. Looking up to heaven, he sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha!” that is, “Be opened!” Immediately his ears were opened, and the impediment of his tongue was released, and he spoke clearly. He commanded them that they should tell no one, but the more he commanded them, so much the more widely they proclaimed it. They were astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He makes even the deaf hear and the mute speak!”

Back near the Sea of Galilee, in the Decapolis, Jesus is brought a deaf man who can hardly speak. Taking him aside, he puts his fingers in his ears, spits and touches his tongue, looks up to heaven, sighs and says 'Ephphatha'. The man hears and speaks plainly, and despite orders to keep quiet, people spread the news widely.

What does this mean?

'Ephphatha' is Aramaic for 'Be opened', which Mark translates. 'The string of his tongue' (KJV) means what bound his tongue. 'Dumb' (KJV) means unable to speak, with no reference to intelligence.

Historical context

Saliva was widely believed in the ancient world to have healing power, and healers used touch and gestures. Mark's route, from the region of Tyre and Sidon to the lake by way of the Decapolis, is a long circuit through largely Gentile territory.

Why does it matter?

Only Mark tells this story. The crowd's words, that he makes the deaf hear and the mute speak, echo Isaiah 35:5–6, a prophecy of God's restoration. Opened ears also anticipate Jesus' complaint about his disciples' deafness to his meaning (8:18).

Editorial notes, not scripture.

Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

Chapters

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16

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Translation

KJVTraditional biblical languageWEBContemporary English

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

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