Mark 4
The parable of the sower
And he began again to teach by the sea side: and there was gathered unto him a great multitude, so that he entered into a ship, and sat in the sea; and the whole multitude was by the sea on the land. And he taught them many things by parables, and said unto them in his doctrine, Hearken; Behold, there went out a sower to sow: And it came to pass, as he sowed, some fell by the way side, and the fowls of the air came and devoured it up. And some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of earth: But when the sun was up, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away. And some fell among thorns, and the thorns grew up, and choked it, and it yielded no fruit. And other fell on good ground, and did yield fruit that sprang up and increased; and brought forth, some thirty, and some sixty, and some an hundred. And he said unto them, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Teaching from a boat to a huge crowd on the shore, Jesus tells a story about a farmer whose seed falls on a path, on rocky ground, among thorns and on good soil, with very different results.
What does this mean?
A parable is a short story or comparison drawn from everyday life to make a point, often with a twist; the Hebrew equivalent, mashal, also covers riddles and proverbs. 'Fowls of the air' (KJV) are birds. 'He that hath ears to hear, let him hear' is a call to pay close attention.
Historical context
In Galilee seed was scattered by hand, and fields could include footpaths, thin soil over rock and patches of thorny weeds. Interpreters debate whether a harvest of thirty, sixty or a hundred times what was sown is meant as miraculous or simply as very good.
Why does it matter?
Mark 4 is the Gospel's main collection of parables. This one, about different responses to what is heard, frames the whole chapter, which repeatedly stresses listening — 'Listen!' opens the parable and verse 9 closes it.
Editorial notes, not scripture.
Told in three Gospels
Matthew 13:1–9
The parable of the sower
How Matthew tells it
Matthew's version is very close to Mark's, but lists the harvest from greatest to least (a hundred, sixty, thirty) where Mark goes from least to greatest; Luke mentions only a hundredfold. Matthew makes this the first of seven kingdom parables gathered in a single chapter. Like Mark, he sets it by the lake, with Jesus teaching from a boat.
Continue reading in Matthew →Luke 8:4–8
The parable of the sower
How Luke tells it
Luke has no lakeside setting or boat; instead people come "out of every city." Only Luke says the seed on the path was "trodden down" and that the seed on rock withered for lack of moisture. Luke gives a single yield of a hundredfold, where Matthew and Mark have thirty, sixty and a hundredfold.
Continue reading in Luke →How Mark tells it
Mark opens the parable with a command to listen ('Hearken'), and gives the good soil's yields as thirty, sixty and a hundredfold — rising, where Matthew lists them falling and Luke gives only a hundredfold. Only Mark notes that the seed among thorns 'yielded no fruit'.